外泌体领域大牛、哥德堡大学教授Jan Lotvall协同其同事Hoog, J. L.在细胞外膜泡领域专业杂志J Extracell Vesicles发表文章揭示人类精液中细胞外膜泡的多样性。
人类精液中包含各种细胞外膜泡，它们很大程度上被认为起源于前列腺，并且经常被命名为“前列腺小体”。这些细胞外膜泡对于人类的生育能力具有重要的作用，比如促进精子的运动能力、将女性免疫系统的免疫耐受带给精子。目前，精液中的细胞外膜泡并未在它们的原始状态（即膜泡仍在精液里并未经过分离纯化的过程）有相关研究。本篇工作的研究者利用冷冻电镜技术和X线断层摄影术详细分析了人类精液中的各种膜泡成分。样本既未经过离心、固定、过滤或组分划分，也没有任何重金属成分的添加。大约拍摄了1500个细胞外结构，并进行了分类。他们发现精液的细胞细胞外环境中包含多种膜泡，主要可分为5大类的细胞外膜泡（EVs）和6类细胞外膜隔间（membrane compartments），其中包括板层小体（lamellar bodies）。更重要的是，在这所有的分类中包含了3个重要的形态学特征：电子密度、双层膜结构、包被表面。这项研究揭示了精液的细胞外环境是多面性。几个形态学上新的细胞外膜泡分类被鉴定了，这为寻找他们的细胞来源提供了形态学依据。因此，这份精液的细胞外膜泡的详细目录对于未来开发新实验方法和揭示之前发表过的数据来理解细胞外膜泡对人类男性生育能力具有重要的意义。
原文来源：Hoog,J. L. and J. Lotvall (2015). "Diversity ofextracellular vesicles in human ejaculates revealed by cryo-electronmicroscopy." J Extracell Vesicles 4:28680.
Human ejaculates contain extracellular vesicles(EVs), that to a large extent are considered to originate from the prostategland, and are often denominated "prostasomes." These EVs areimportant for human fertility, for example by promoting sperm motility and byinducing immune tolerance of the female immune system to the spermatozoa. Sofar, the EVs present in human ejaculate have not been studied in their nativestate, inside the seminal fluid without prior purification and isolationprocedures. Using cryo-electron microscopy and tomography, we performed acomprehensive inventory of human ejaculate EVs. The sample was neither centrifuged,fixed, filtered or sectioned, nor were heavy metals added. Approximately 1,500extracellular structures were imaged and categorized. The extracellularenvironment of human ejaculate was found to be diverse, with 5 majorsubcategories of EVs and 6 subcategories of extracellular membranecompartments, including lamellar bodies. Furthermore, 3 morphological features,including electron density, double membrane bilayers and coated surface, aredescribed in all subcategories. This study reveals that the extracellularenvironment in human ejaculate is multifaceted. Several novel morphological EVsubcategories are identified and clues to their cellular origin may be found intheir morphology. This inventory is therefore important for developing future experimentalapproaches, and to interpret previously published data to understand the roleof EVs for human male fertility.
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